Hallux Valgus (Bunion) Treatment
Hallux valgus is when the big toe drifts towards the other toes and a bony bump forms on the inner side. Surgical correction can help patients with pain and shoe problems.
Hallux valgus is commonly known as a bunion. As the big toe drifts towards the other toes, a prominent bump forms at the base of the big toe on the inner side of the foot. It is more common in women and often runs in families.
Causes
- Family history and foot structure
- Narrow, high-heeled shoes
- Flat feet and rolling in of the foot
- Ligament laxity
- Joint diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis
Symptoms
- A red, prominent bump at the base of the big toe
- Rubbing and pain in shoes
- The big toe crossing under or over the second toe
- Calluses and pain under the second and third toes (metatarsalgia)
- Other toe deformities such as hammer toes
Diagnosis
Examination assesses the degree of deformity, joint movement and the overall structure of the foot. Standing X-rays of the foot are used to measure angles between the bones. These measurements guide the choice of surgical technique.
Non-surgical treatment
Non-surgical treatment does not correct the deformity but can reduce symptoms:
- Wide, soft, low-heeled shoes
- Custom insoles
- Pads that protect the bump and toe spacers
- Pain relief and exercises
Surgical treatment
Surgery is considered when pain limits daily life, finding suitable shoes becomes difficult and the deformity is progressing. The operation is done to relieve pain and improve function, not for cosmetic reasons.
The first metatarsal bone is cut, moved into the right position and fixed with small screws (osteotomy). The bump is corrected and the soft tissues around the joint are balanced. Different osteotomy techniques are used depending on the degree of deformity, and minimally invasive techniques through small incisions in suitable patients. In severe cases with a damaged joint, fusion (arthrodesis) may be an option.
Recovery
A special shoe that keeps weight off the front of the foot is worn for a few weeks after surgery. Swelling can last a few months. Normal shoes can usually be worn after 6-8 weeks. Returning to sport and long walks takes a few months.
Choosing the right shoes
A toe box wide and deep enough not to squeeze the toes, a low heel and good cushioning reduce bunion symptoms. Shopping for shoes in the evening, when feet are slightly swollen, helps choose the right size.
Frequently asked questions
Can a bunion come back?
When corrected with the right technique, recurrence is uncommon but possible. Suitable shoes and insoles are recommended.
Can I walk straight after surgery?
Most patients can walk in the special shoe on the same or the next day. The front of the foot is protected for a while.
Can both feet be operated on at once?
It is possible for some patients, but walking and daily tasks become harder during recovery, so the feet are usually operated on separately.
Do toe spacers correct a bunion?
Toe spacers and night splints can reduce friction and pain, but they do not permanently correct the bone deformity.
Can I wear heels after bunion surgery?
Once healing is complete, most patients can comfortably wear low and medium heels. Very high, narrow shoes can encourage symptoms to return.
The information on this page is general and does not replace an examination. An examination is needed to decide which treatment suits you.